| Surnames | link | Mario Cassar, 'Aspects of Maltese surnames'. Available online from Geneanum.com [accessed 13 Feb 2026]. |
| link | Mario Cassar, 'Malta and Sicily: An overview of their Cognominal Kinship', Symposia Melitensia, Vol 17 (2021), pp. 65-80. Available from University of Malta [accessed 13 Feb 2026]. |
| link | Geoffrey Hull, 'The Oldest Maltese Surnames: A Window on Sicily's Medieval History' in Sicily and the Mediterranean>, ed C Karagoz and G Summerfield (New York, 2015), pp 77-110. Available online from ResearchGate.net [accessed 13 Feb 2026]. |
| link | Godfrey Wettinger, ‘The distribution of surnames in Malta in 1419 and the 1480’s’, Journal of Maltese Studies, Vol 5 (1968), pp. 25-48. Available online from University of Malta [accessed 13 Feb 2026]. |
| link | Godfrey Wettinger, ‘The militia list of 1419-20 : a new starting point for the study of Malta’s population’, Melita Historica, Vol 5, No 2 (1969), pp. 80-105. Available online from Vassallo History [accessed 13 Feb 2026]. |
| Algeria | link | 'French conquest of Algeria'. Available online from Wikipedia [accessed 26 Mar 2026]. Substantial article, well referenced. |
| link | Joshua M Hayes, 'M’hemm l-ebda post iehor bhad-dar (There’s No Place Like Home): Maltese Migration to French Algeria in the Nineteenth Century', Journal of Maltese History, Vol 2, No 1 (2010). Available online from University of Malta [accessed 26 Feb 2026]. |
| Australia | link | Maurice N Cauchi, 'Maltese Migrants in Australia' (Malta, 1990). Available online from maltamigration.com [accessed 13 Feb 2026]. |
| link | 'When Maltese paid £10 to start a new life in Australia', Times of Malta, 31 May 2023 [accessed 13 Feb 2026]. |
| England & Wales | | Matthew Vella, Passport to Vice: … The Rise of London's Maltese Syndicate ... (Qormi, Malta, 2022). |
| Gibraltar | link | Lawrence Attard, The Great Exodus (Marsa, Malta, 1989). Available online at MaltaMigration.com [accessed 13 Feb 2026]. |
| link | Henry Frendo, 'The Gibraltar-Malta Nexus: Two European Mediterranean Identities in Onetime Fortress Ports' in Mediterranean seascapes, ed S Mercieca (Msida, Malta, 2006), pp 101-132. Available online from University of Malta [accessed 13 Feb 2026]. |
| link | Joe Gingell, We Thank God and England … (Gibraltar, 2012). The evacuation of Gibraltar with many names, photos and personal stories. |
| link | Joe Gingell, Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea (Gibraltar, 2018). Available online from Gibraltar National Archives [accessed 13 Feb 2026]. Further reminisces about the evacuation of Gibraltar. |
| Italy/Sicily | | John J Norwich, Sicily: A Short History, from the Ancient Greeks to Cosa Nostra (London, 2015). |
| link | 'Italian diaspora'. Available online from Wikipedia [accessed 13 Feb 2026]. Substantial article, well referenced. |
| Malta | | Carmel Cassar, A Concise History of Malta (Msida, Malta, 2000). |
| link | Carmel Cassar, The Primacy of Licata, Journal of the Institute of Tourism Studies, Issue 5 (2020), pp 18-22. Available online from University of Malta [accessed 13 Feb 2026]. |
| link | John D Crawford, 'The Maltese Diaspora: The Historical Development of Migration from Malta', Unpublished M.A. Thesis; University of Victoria, 1990. Available online from University of Victoria [accessed 13 Feb 2026]. |
| link | Malta Virtual Emigration, maltamigration.com [accessed 13 Feb 2026]. |
| Philippines | link | 'Spanish Galleon Trade Between the Philippines and Mexico', factsanddetails.com [accessed 13 Feb 2026]. |
| Tunisia | link | Andrea L Smith, 'The Maltese in Tunisia before the Protectorate: 1850s-1870s: Towards a Revised Image', Journal of Mediterranean Studies, Vol 10, No 1 & 2 (2000), pp 183-202. Available online from Lafayette Digital Repository [accessed 13 Feb 2026]. |
| link | Eglise Catholique de tunisie, 'Djerba, Saint Joseph', eglisecatholiquetunisie.com [accessed 11 Mar 2026]. |